Monads for natural language semantics Chung-chieh Shan In K. Striegnitz (Ed.) (2001), Proceedings of the ESSLLI-2001 Student Session, 13th European Summer School in Logic, Language and Information, 285-298. Abstract Accounts of semantic phenomena often involve extending types of meanings and revising composition rules at the same time. The concept of monads allows many such accounts -- for intensionality, variable binding, quantification and focus -- to be stated uniformly and compositionally. Acknowledgments Thanks to Stuart Shieber, Dylan Thurston, Chris Barker, Normay Ramsey, Wheeler Ruml, and the anonymous referees for helpful discussions and comments.